Hospital admission during pregnancy is a significant event posing a substantial impact on both mother and fetus due to the combined stressors of the pregnancy with the admission to hospital. Often high-risk pregnancies necessitate for women a period of hospital admission, bed rest or specialist outpatient maternity care. A high-risk pregnancy can affect the woman’s capacity to attend antenatal appointments, self-care, and manage with the often difficult physiological changes of pregnancy sometimes stemming from or leading to substance misuse and abuse (see Table 1 and Table 2). Globally, women are facing increased complexities surrounding childbearing due to a reason such as pre-existing chronic medical conditions, advanced maternal age, sedentary occupational behaviours, obesity and impacts of social determinants on health. The term ‘high-risk’ in pregnancies can be defined as psychosocial or biomedical risk factors that place the mother and/or her baby at increased risk for adverse outcomes.
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